Minh Quang Pham, aka ‘Amim’, 41, was sentenced today to 44 years in prison and a lifetime of supervised release for an attempted suicide bombing in alliance with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), a designated foreign terrorist organization.
“The defendant was sentenced for an attempt to commit an act of terrorism and plotting a suicide bombing on behalf of AQAP,” said Devin DeBacker, head of the Justice Department’s National Security Division. “The Justice Department will not rest in seeking justice for acts of terrorism and will continue to thwart any attempt to jeopardise global security.”
“Pham coordinated with known terrorist Anwar al-Aulaqi on a plot to conduct a suicide bombing at Heathrow International Airport, which could have killed or injured many people, but fortunately, that plan was stopped,” said Assistant Director David J. Scott of the FBI’s Counterterrorism Division. “Pham also tried to recruit others to commit acts of terrorism. The FBI will work with our partners to hold accountable those who align themselves with terrorist organizations and attempt to carry out acts of violence.”
“Minh Quang Pham’s actions were not just an affront to the safety of this country, but to the principles of peace and security that we hold dear,” said U.S. Attorney Danielle R. Sassoon for the Southern District of New York. “Today’s sentencing underscores our collective resolve to stop terrorism before it occurs and place would-be terrorists in prison.”
According to court documents, in December 2010, Pham informed others that he planned to travel to Ireland while residing in London. From Ireland, he travelled to Yemen, the principal base of operations for AQAP.
Pham travelled to Yemen to join AQAP, wage jihad on behalf of AQAP, and martyr himself for AQAP’s cause. After arriving in Yemen, he swore an oath of loyalty to AQAP in the presence of an AQAP commander.
While in Yemen in 2010 and 2011, Pham provided assistance to and received training from Anwar al-Aulaqi, a U.S.-born senior leader of AQAP. Al-Aulaqi advised Pham to return to the UK for the purpose of finding and making contact with individuals who, like Pham, wanted to travel to Yemen to join AQAP.
Al-Aulaqi also provided Pham with money, a telephone number, and an e-mail address that he was to use to contact Al-Aulaqi upon his return to the UK.
In addition, Pham exchanged his laptop computer with al-Aulaqi, who provided him with a new “clean” laptop to take with him when he returned to the UK so that the authorities would not find anything if they searched his computer.
In or about June 2011, prior to his departure from Yemen, Pham approached al-Aulaqi about conducting a suicide attack whereby he would “sacrifice” himself on behalf of AQAP. Al-Aulaqi personally taught Pham how to create a lethal explosive device using household chemicals and directed Pham to detonate such an explosive device at the arrivals area of Heathrow International Airport following Pham’s return to the UK in 2011.
Al-Aulaqi instructed Pham to carry an explosive in a concealed backpack and target the area where flights arrived from the U.S. or Israel. During this time, Pham made videos depicting his preparation to carry out that attack.
In one video, Pham is shown wiring an electrical device to make an explosive device. In another video, he sketches an explosive device to be contained in a backpack, and in a third, Pham wears a backpack with wiring for explosives on it, which he turns on in the video.
During this time, around June or July 2011 — shortly before Pham returned from Yemen to the UK — Pham recorded a video in which he attempted to recruit and encourage individuals in the West to engage in violent jihad abroad or in their home countries. In this video, he also expresses a desire to martyr himself.
At the outset of this video, consisting of an approximately 13-minute-long monologue, Pham stated, “America itself is not fighting a war with a group or an organisation. They are fighting with the army of Allah, the believers.”
He continued, in part, “We have that opportunity, that ability to be in their midst, in their land . . . and I advise the brothers inshallah to, whatever you can, to gather and prepare and strike the enemy in their own land . . . The saying, a thousand cuts, you hit them with as much as you can until inshallah the enemy will bleed to death.”
During his time in Yemen, Pham also assisted with preparing and disseminating AQAP’s propaganda magazine, Inspire. Pham, who has college degrees in graphic design and animation, worked directly with now-deceased U.S. citizen Samir Khan, a prominent AQAP member responsible for editing and publishing Inspire.
Pham also received a six-page document entitled “Your Instructions” from al-Aulaqi in Yemen, which provided detailed instructions on how Pham was to commit his suicide attack at Heathrow. The document from al-Aulaqi instructed Pham, “[d]o not do anything for the first three months” and “[y]ou should target Christmas/ New Year season[.]”
The instructions from al-Aulaqi provided explicit direction about the importance of using shrapnel to kill as many people as possible, including that “[t]he proper use of shrapnel is as important as the main charge itself. The detonation wave from a main charge of AP by itself is most likely not going to cause the death of anyone except those who are in its immediate vicinity. It is the shrapnel that would do the job. You may imagine this IED as a shotgun that is firing in all directions.”
The document, therefore, instructed Pham to take “special care” with the “proper arrangement and choice of shrapnel” and to “poison” it to inflict maximum death.
On July 27, 2011, Pham returned to the UK. Upon his arrival at Heathrow, UK authorities detained Pham, searched him, and recovered various materials from him, including a live round of 7.62mm calibre armour-piercing ammunition, which is consistent with ammunition that is used in a Kalashnikov assault rifle, a type of weapon for which Pham received training from AQAP in Yemen.
UK authorities released Pham and cautioned him for his possession of the live round of ammunition before, in December 2011, arresting him pursuant to their authorities under UK immigration law. In searches of Pham’s residence, other locations, and vehicles, UK authorities recovered several pieces of electronic media.
Among other things, a forensic analysis of Pham’s electronic media showed that he was accessing speeches and writings of al-Aulaqi as late as December 2011 — months after Pham’s return to the UK.
On May 24, 2012, a grand jury returned an indictment charging Pham with terrorism offences and U.S. authorities sought Pham’s extradition from the UK. He was provisionally arrested with a view towards extradition on June 29, 2012, and he was extradited to the United States on February 26, 2015. On January 8, 2016, Pham pleaded guilty to terrorism offences related to certain of the same underlying conduct.
On May 27, 2016, Pham was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Alison J. Nathan principally to a term of 40 years in prison. On September 12, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed Pham’s conviction and sentence.
Thereafter, Pham made a motion that, based on intervening Supreme Court decisions, resulted in vacating one of the counts of his conviction. Ultimately, the government, with Pham’s consent, moved to vacate Pham’s earlier convictions.
On April 8, 2021, a grand jury returned a superseding indictment, reinstating certain charges and filing other new charges against Pham, which formed the basis for Pham’s May 11, 2023, guilty plea and conviction.
